Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various aspects

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable power to safeguard delicate skin. This gentle ingredient has long been used in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful su